About The Anaerobic Digestion Process

Containing and treating the wastes are essential in order that the treated waste mud is stable, the offensive smell is eliminated, the quantity of pathogenic bacteria is reduced, the mass and volume of sludge is cut off, and people can dewater and dry the mud.

Anaerobic digestion is the most common and useful method for treating waste water sledges nowadays. It is really a relatively stable process thanks to the ability to control, low operating costs and a useful production, a combustible gas, which can be used as a source of energy.

 

The advantages of this process:

 

The organic content of the sludges is significantly reduced by conversion into gaseous end-products; the obnoxious odour of the sludge is removed and the final digested sludge has a characteristic ‘tarry’ odour; fats and greases are broken down by the process; there is a significant reduction in the quality of pathogenic bacteria; there is a marked chemical change after digestion. The liquid fraction (supernatant) contains increased levels of ammonia as a result of the breakdown of organic nitrogen (proteins). This makes the digested sludge liquor potentially suitable for agricultural use; the biogas that is formed is a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) that can be used for digester heating or to generate power.

 

The disadvantages of this process:

 

A relatively high initial capital cost is involved, which tends to limit the process to medium to large size waste water works. The slow rate of bacterial growth requires long periods of time for start-up and limits the flexibility of the process to adjust to changing feed loads, temperatures and other environmental conditions. The process is prone to upsets if not regularly monitored and if corrective action is not taken in time.

 

Anaerobic digestion is a multi-stage biological waste treatment process whereby bacteria, in the absence of oxygen, decompose organic matter to carbon dioxide, methane and water. In this way, the waste sludge is stabilised and the obnoxious odour is removed. The process can, however be described adequately and simply as occurring in two stages, involving two different types of bacteria. The first stage, the organic material present in the feed sludge is converted into organic acids (also called volatile fatty acids) by acid forming bacteria. In the second stage, these organic acids serve as the substrate (food) for the strictly anaerobic methane-producing bacteria, which converts the acids into methane and carbon dioxide. The end result of the process is a well-established sludge in which 40 to 60% of the volatile solids are destroyed. Finally, a combustible gas consisting of 60 to 75% methane and the remainder largely being carbon dioxide.

 

The digestion process is continuous. Fresh feed sludge must be added continuously or at frequent intervals. The gas formed during digestion is removed continuously. In high-rate digestion, stabilised sludge is displaced from the digester during feeding. In low-rate digestion, sludge ‘supernatant’ is normally removed as the feed sludge is added, stabilised sludge is removed at less frequent intervals.

 

It is essential that the organic acids formed in the first stage of the waste treatment process are converted to methane at the same rate at which they are formed. If not, they accumulate and ultimately lower the pH, leading to inhibition of the second stage of the digestion process and digester failure. Temperature must be maintained within certain ranges – heating increases the activity of the anaerobic bacteria reducing the required digestion time. A pH of 7,0 to 7,5 is recommended to encourage the methane-producing stage. A correctly operating digester will have sufficient buffer capacity (alkalinity) introduced from the breakdown of organic matter.

 

Learn about how to do a high impact aerobic exercise from a fitness expert in this free exercise video on high and low impact aerobics. Expert: Andrea Austin Bio: Andrea Austin has been a Trainer for 8 years, and an Instructor for 20. Filmmaker: stuart murphy
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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Exercise And Your Anaerobic Threshold

Article by Matt Wiggins

If you’re like most people you’re looking to get the most out of a workout that you possibly can. However exercising to build endurance requires a different approach than exercising to lose weight. To get the most out of your workout you need to know what your Anaerobic Threshold or AT is.

Your AT rate is an individual number that varies from person to person, and can even change as your body becomes stronger over time. To better understand AT we need to take a look at your heart rate. Your heart is expressed in beats per minute, the maximum rate at which your heart can safely operate is known as your Maximum Heart Rate or MHR and is an average value taken over a few minutes. Originally your AT number was believed to be between 80 to 90 percent of your MHR. However since you were taking a percentage of an average the value was often inaccurate, and a more precise measurement was needed.

Professional athletes who need to know their AT undergo a series of tests. They ride a stationary bike or run on a treadmill. A mask was placed over their mouth to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide at different levels of exertion. The results are processed using computer programs and yield very precise results. These tests are costly and time consuming and not necessary for most people.

A less sophisticated method that is reasonably accurate is the talk test. You will need to take your pulse or use a digital pulse meter or watch. When you are jogging or using a stationary bike and you can talk normally without speaking in short burst you are in your aerobic metabolic zone. As you increase the intensity and you still talk but not as easily this is the lower edge of your AT zone, make a note of your heart rate. Pick up the pace again as your breathing becomes more rapid and talking becomes more difficult and you start to speak in short bursts this is the upper range of your AT. For best results perform this test a few times on different days and average the results.

Once you know your AT range here are tips to help you get the most out of your exercise routine. Exercising below your AT range will burn some fat, and will help you improve things like blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Exercising in your AT zone will give you the maximum fat burning benefit. You will use the most calories if you can spend most of the time that you exercise in this range. Exercising above your AT zone will boost your strength and endurance. The amount of fat you will be burning will be lower than if you were exercising at a lower AT level. People who exercise vigorously and have minimal fat loss are exercising above their AT level.

Once you know what your AT level is getting the most out of your workout is easy. You monitor your heart rate and adjust your intensity to raise or lower your heart rate keeping you in your desired range. People who exercise regularly should check their AT level every 6 to 9 months and make adjustments as needed.

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The importance of Anaerobic Exercises and Dieting

Article by John Bito

You are looking at a variety of diets and you see they all say you should exercise but what exercise? As you may know there are two types of exercise. They are aerobic which means with oxygen and anaerobic exercises which means without oxygen. The simple explanation is anaerobic exercises are exercises that use short burst of intense physical activity. These types of activities include sprinting of all types, weight lifting, and circuit training.

How does this type of exercise work? When you start to exercises such as lifting weights for this example you do work in sets. Usually 8-10 repetitions per set then you take a break before doing the set again or moving on depending on your routine. When you begin the set there is a temporary shortage of oxygen being delivered to the muscles and lactic acid is produced. The more you work out the more the lactic acid is produced and put into your bloodstream and as that amount is increases it produces muscular fatigue. This is why this type of exercises is usually only for short burst of time.

As you train your body adapts and you are better able to handle the production of lactic acid. In reality your body produces a buffer that slows the fatigue response in your muscles. As you exercise and get stronger the body is better able to handle the lactic acid as more of this buffering chemical is produced. When the exercises become easy you increase the resistance or distance or cycle depending on the type of exercises you are doing and the process starts all over. The other benefit is you now have increased your muscle mass and the amount of energy that your muscles need to move because they have a larger mass. This increase means that you now need more energy to move the muscles and now they will start to burn more energy and more fat.

Minimal Intensity or Elevated Intensity: Aerobic or Anaerobic Exercise session

Article by Avi Marents

Aerobic exercise seems to be a core component of many fitness programs, especially beginners workout routines. But, would the addition of anaerobic exercise be beneficial? A fundamental question centers around aerobic vs anaerobic exercise and the benefits that each offer. The contrast is really low intensity vs high intensity. In general, most people consider aerobic exercise a fat burning cardio activity of low intensity. Most do not know much about anaerobic exercise. Anaerobic exercise also includes a high intensity portion, such as strength training or an HIIT program.

Aerobic literally means “with oxygen.” Oxygen is required to keep muscles in motion for a long period of time. Muscles use this oxygen to burn fat. Aerobic exercises include activities that are long duration and low to moderate intensity, including jogging, swimming, cycling, or skiing.

Anaerobic, on the other hand, means “without oxygen”; of course, your body will still need oxygen during anaerobic exercise but your muscles do not receive enough to keep up the extremely intense pace. Without the oxygen, your muscles are forced to burn glycogen, a component of carbohydrates. Exercise that is intense and of short duration is considered anaerobic activity, such as weight training or sprinting.

Aerobic exercise has a number of health benefits. Your heart, lungs and blood flow are improved with a minimum of thirty daily minutes of exercise, which, in the end, means a longer lifespan. These are among the other benefits:

1. Losing weight

2. Increasing endurance

3. Improved immune system

4. Reduced risk of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and certain types of cancer

5. Improving circulation and the cardiovascular system

6. Increasing beneficial cholesterol while decreasing harmful cholesterol.

You can also benefit from anaerobic exercise. Anaerobic exercise makes your muscles stronger and helps decrease body fat. A strength training routine allows you to build muscle mass, increase bone density, decrease body fat, and provides many of the same overall health benefits as aerobic exercise. Another popular anaerobic program is called an HIIT routine, which is a series of short bursts of highly intense activity followed by short periods for recovery. It has been demonstrated that this sort of exercise increases metabolism after the routine, which results in more calories burned than with a low intensity work out. There’s also the release of HGH, a hormone that promotes fat loss and muscle gain. You’ll also enjoy an improved aerobic capacity and much better cardiovascular system.

As you can see, both aerobic training and anaerobic training each have unique benefits. As such, both have great benefit as part of an exercise regimen. But, a beginner should start out with an aerobic exercise regimen. To perform high intensity anaerobic training, you must have a good aerobic base built up. More advanced work out fans often wonder if they should favor one variety of exercise over another. For most of these regular exercisers, aerobic activity often seems far too easy and doesn’t seem to provide any real benefit, especially when compared to anaerobic exercise. No matter how advanced you are in your programs, your exercise program should include both, since there are many significant health benefits to be gained from both the high and low intensity exercises. Also, you need to avoid performing anaerobic exercise too often, as that often leads to overtraining or burnout.

Next time you choose between aerobic vs anaerobic exercise, remember that the difference is really low intensity vs high intensity. Aerobic training is low intensity, long duration and anaerobic training is high intensity, short duration. Aerobic exercises like walking or jogging offer numerous health and cardiovascular benefits while anaerobic exercises such as a strength training routine or HIIT routine generally allow for more efficient fat burning and muscle building.

Anaerobic Vs Aerobic – Understanding the Difference

The terms anaerobic and aerobic do not mean the same thing; there are major differences that can be identified between anaerobic and aerobic exercise. Anaerobic exercises are basically strenuous exercises that are implemented for the purpose of muscle strengthening. The latter forms of exercises are meant to be conducted in short, but intense intervals. Aerobic exercises are used to get oxygen to all of the muscles in the body and to increase one’s cardiovascular rate.

Anaerobic is a word that literally means “without or lacking oxygen,” while the word aerobic literally means “the inclusion of or with oxygen.” While aerobic exercises push oxygen through the body during exercise, anaerobic exercises do not rely on oxygen to produce energy. When it comes to aerobic exercises, the body will depend upon the use of a lot of oxygen: this, in turn helps to burn calories, to increase the heart rate, to increase the body’s circulatory processes, and to improve one’s metabolic rate. In contrast, anaerobic exercises are conducted in fast, brief sessions so that heavy amounts of oxygen are not used during the exercises performed.

While performing any type of aerobic exercise regimen, the individual purposefully sustains the aerobic activity so that a larger need for oxygen is generated by the body. While one is walking, running, jogging, or cycling, he or she will utilize oxygen in order to burn fat and the glucose in one’s body is used to produce ATP, otherwise known as adenosine triphosphate. The latter is needed by cells in every part of the human body for the purposes of transporting energy. Meanwhile, anaerobic exercises demand the use of Glycogen, which is derived from blood sugar levels in the body in order to produce energy.

Aerobic exercises are used to improve blood flow, to reduce blood pressure, to improve respiratory functioning, and to tone body muscles, to improve cardiovascular strength, as well as to improve upon the body’s red blood cell count. Anaerobic exercise is used for the purposes of bone strengthening, the prevention of muscular atrophy, to increase muscular power, and strength, to increase stamina and endurance, and to produce adequate muscle mass.

While aerobic exercises include things like walking, running, jogging, the use of a treadmill, and cycling as well as stair climbing, anaerobic exercises might include things like sprinting, lifting weights, and playing tennis. It is beneficial if one opts to unify the implementation of aerobic and anaerobic exercises in one’s regular workouts. Of course, deciding to do so should be approved by one’s physician first. It is also not recommended that one begin exercising with intense anaerobic exercises before getting the body used to aerobic forms of exercise.

Anaerobic exercises are not recommended for those individuals with muscle/joint injuries, for pregnant women, or for anyone that does not exercise on a fairly consistent and regular basis. In addition to an anaerobic and aerobic workout regimen, the right amount of sleep, the right amount of fluids, an adequate diet, and vitamin supplements are highly recommended.

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What is Anaerobic Energy?

Anaerobic energy has not yet received as much attention as other new sources of renewable energy such as nuclear and biofuels. However, anaerobic energy is an interesting process that may or may not turn out to be a viable source of energy.

Basically the process of anaerobic digestion occurs when microorganisms (anaerobic bacteria) break down biodegradable matter without the presence of oxygen. It is currently used to treat wastewater and to reduce the emissions of landfill gases. The process begins when biodegradable materials are broken down by anaerobic bacteria to separate insoluble organic polymers, like carbohydrates.

This process then makes these components available to other bacteria. The sugars and amino acids are converted into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and organic acids. These organic acids are then converted a few more times, resulting in methane and carbon dioxide.

EnviroCitizen.org would like to explain how this related to you and the conversation of the environment.  Anaerobic energy facilities are viewed by many as one of the best decentralized sources of energy. It is argued that decentralized energy is not a realistic method from which to expect one united source of energy. Rather, decentralized energy takes advantage of regional sources of energy. One region may implement wind and tidal power, while another region may implement solar and anaerobic power.

Those who believe in the benefits of anaerobic power are quick to point out that it is an effective way to manage waste. Supporters also point out that using anaerobic power can replace fossil fuels, reduce methane emissions from landfills, dispose of industrially-produced chemical fertilizers and reduce electrical grid transportation losses (the energy that’s lost during the process of transferring power from the power plant to your home).

Anaerobic power produces biogas, which can be used in a gasoline engine or as a means of providing heat and electricity. Anaerobic power is considered by many to be renewable, but opponents of anaerobic power liken its renewability to nuclear power.

In the end, anaerobic power is an interesting concept. It is proof that there are many different avenues being taken to discover alternatives to fossil fuels. Anaerobic power is a complicated issue. The actual biological process is simple to understand, but the implications of using anaerobic power are questionable. EnviroCitizen.org suggests that as an eco-conscious American, you do some additional research to determine what your opinion is on anaerobic power.

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Anaerobic Workout To Target The Abdominal Muscles

We all know that operating out is some thing that is extremely essential for us to generally be performing. You are going to want to get a workout so that you could be healthier, and so that you simply know what you are performing when it comes to getting a better outlook on life.

However, occasionally it is important to focus on more than one area with regards to aerobics. You may want to operate on something in peculiar. Often, people have parts of their bodies that they dont like as much as other people, and this could be very stressful.

In order to goal the stomach whilst you are doing aerobics, it is important that you keep in mind what the stomach is and why it is important. It is not just your tummy region; this really is a entire range of muscles that assist you transfer and stretch in each and every piece of one’s daily routine. This really is why focusing on your stomach throughout aerobics is extremely essential.

When you are looking at targeting your stomach, think initial of repetitions. The very best method to work on your abdomen would be to add stretches into whatever you’re performing aerobically. If you’re walking or running in place, you ought to be stretching your body and stretching from aspect to aspect as you move. You’ve to become sure that the movement you’re making is coming form you abdomen, however.

An additional great thing that you can do whilst you are performing your aerobics would be to kneel down and to then use your abdomen muscles to move up and down into various positions. Keep in mind that you simply have to keep doing repetitions at a high sufficient charge of speed to keep your heart rate up. The much more that you transfer, the much better in shape you will get. This is a great way to target your stomach.

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